Install and load the tmap and spDataLarge packages (available from
GitHub). Load and review the pol_pres15 dataset on the Polish
Presidential election in 2015
# install required packages
install.packages("tmap", repos = "https://r-tmap.github.io/tmap/", type = "source")
## Warning: unable to access index for repository https://r-tmap.github.io/tmap/src/contrib:
## cannot open URL 'https://r-tmap.github.io/tmap/src/contrib/PACKAGES'
## Warning: package 'tmap' is not available for this version of R
##
## A version of this package for your version of R might be available elsewhere,
## see the ideas at
## https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-patched/R-admin.html#Installing-packages
install.packages("spDataLarge", repos = "https://nowosad.github.io/drat/", type = "source")
library(tmap)
## The legacy packages maptools, rgdal, and rgeos, underpinning the sp package,
## which was just loaded, will retire in October 2023.
## Please refer to R-spatial evolution reports for details, especially
## https://r-spatial.org/r/2023/05/15/evolution4.html.
## It may be desirable to make the sf package available;
## package maintainers should consider adding sf to Suggests:.
## The sp package is now running under evolution status 2
## (status 2 uses the sf package in place of rgdal)
## Breaking News: tmap 3.x is retiring. Please test v4, e.g. with
## remotes::install_github('r-tmap/tmap')
library(spDataLarge)
# load the tmap and spDataLarge packages
pacman::p_load(
ggplot2,
spatstat,
spatialreg,
spgwr,
spdep,
adehabitatHR,
googleway,
gmapsdistance,
leaflet,
dismo,
raster,
sp,
leaflet,
tmap,
foreign,
sf,
terra,
RColorBrewer,
stargazer,
rmapshaper
)
# load the dataset
data("pol_pres15")
summary(pol_pres15)
## TERYT TERYT0 name0 name
## Length:2495 Length:2495 Length:2495 Length:2495
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## gm0 types I_entitled_to_vote
## Length:2495 Rural :1563 Min. : 1308
## Class :character Urban : 303 1st Qu.: 4026
## Mode :character Urban/rural : 611 Median : 6033
## Warsaw Borough: 18 Mean : 12221
## 3rd Qu.: 10524
## Max. :594643
## I_voting_papers_received I_unused_voting_papers
## Min. : 1000 Min. : 204
## 1st Qu.: 3500 1st Qu.: 1708
## Median : 5200 Median : 2545
## Mean : 10530 Mean : 4577
## 3rd Qu.: 9104 3rd Qu.: 4112
## Max. :505747 Max. :200431
## I_voting_papers_issued_to_voters I_voters_voting_by_proxy
## Min. : 561 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 1698 1st Qu.: 0.000
## Median : 2654 Median : 1.000
## Mean : 5954 Mean : 2.387
## 3rd Qu.: 4988 3rd Qu.: 3.000
## Max. :338252 Max. :119.000
## I_voters_voting_by_declaration I_voters_sent_postal_voting_package
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 7.00 1st Qu.: 0.000
## Median : 15.00 Median : 0.000
## Mean : 49.98 Mean : 3.524
## 3rd Qu.: 31.00 3rd Qu.: 2.000
## Max. :7583.00 Max. :577.000
## I_postal_voting_envelopes_received I_PVE_of_which_no_declaration
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 0.0000
## Median : 0.000 Median : 0.0000
## Mean : 3.066 Mean : 0.1455
## 3rd Qu.: 2.000 3rd Qu.: 0.0000
## Max. :281.000 Max. :34.0000
## I_PVE_of_which_no_signature I_PVE_of_which_no_voting_envelope
## Min. :0.00000 Min. :0.000000
## 1st Qu.:0.00000 1st Qu.:0.000000
## Median :0.00000 Median :0.000000
## Mean :0.00481 Mean :0.004008
## 3rd Qu.:0.00000 3rd Qu.:0.000000
## Max. :4.00000 Max. :2.000000
## I_PVE_of_which_voting_envelope_open I_voting_envelopes_placed_in_ballot_box
## Min. :0.000000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.:0.000000 1st Qu.: 0.000
## Median :0.000000 Median : 0.000
## Mean :0.007615 Mean : 2.897
## 3rd Qu.:0.000000 3rd Qu.: 2.000
## Max. :2.000000 Max. :272.000
## I_voting_papers_taken_from_ballot_box
## Min. : 561
## 1st Qu.: 1698
## Median : 2656
## Mean : 5956
## 3rd Qu.: 4990
## Max. :338444
## I_of_which_voting_papers_taken_from_voting_envelopes I_invalid_voting_papers
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 0.0000
## Median : 0.000 Median : 0.0000
## Mean : 2.906 Mean : 0.5623
## 3rd Qu.: 2.000 3rd Qu.: 0.0000
## Max. :272.000 Max. :134.0000
## I_valid_voting_papers I_invalid_votes I_valid_votes I_candidates_total
## Min. : 561 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 550 Min. : 550
## 1st Qu.: 1698 1st Qu.: 13.00 1st Qu.: 1682 1st Qu.: 1682
## Median : 2656 Median : 22.00 Median : 2631 Median : 2631
## Mean : 5955 Mean : 49.57 Mean : 5906 Mean : 5906
## 3rd Qu.: 4990 3rd Qu.: 41.00 3rd Qu.: 4946 3rd Qu.: 4946
## Max. :338410 Max. :2785.00 Max. :335625 Max. :335625
## I_Grzegorz.Michal.Braun I_Andrzej.Sebastian.Duda I_Adam.Sebastian.Jarubas
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 44 Min. : 3.00
## 1st Qu.: 10.00 1st Qu.: 665 1st Qu.: 33.00
## Median : 18.00 Median : 1094 Median : 55.00
## Mean : 47.82 Mean : 2060 Mean : 95.49
## 3rd Qu.: 38.00 3rd Qu.: 1956 3rd Qu.: 89.00
## Max. :4010.00 Max. :107367 Max. :7154.00
## I_Bronislaw.Maria.Komorowski I_Janusz.Ryszard.Korwin.Mikke
## Min. : 55.0 Min. : 7.0
## 1st Qu.: 412.5 1st Qu.: 45.0
## Median : 727.0 Median : 76.0
## Mean : 2002.5 Mean : 189.6
## 3rd Qu.: 1455.5 3rd Qu.: 153.0
## Max. :127361.0 Max. :15505.0
## I_Marian.Janusz.Kowalski I_Pawel.Piotr.Kukiz I_Magdalena.Agnieszka.Ogorek
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 69 Min. : 7
## 1st Qu.: 8.00 1st Qu.: 305 1st Qu.: 40
## Median : 15.00 Median : 498 Median : 62
## Mean : 30.53 Mean : 1217 Mean : 141
## 3rd Qu.: 27.00 3rd Qu.: 1008 3rd Qu.: 114
## Max. :1966.00 Max. :65702 Max. :7605
## I_Janusz.Marian.Palikot I_Pawel.Jan.Tanajno I_Jacek.Wilk
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 15.00 1st Qu.: 1.00 1st Qu.: 5.00
## Median : 26.00 Median : 3.00 Median : 10.00
## Mean : 83.58 Mean : 11.69 Mean : 27.05
## 3rd Qu.: 53.00 3rd Qu.: 7.00 3rd Qu.: 20.00
## Max. :5942.00 Max. :1278.00 Max. :2166.00
## II_entitled_to_vote II_voting_papers_received II_unused_voting_papers
## Min. : 1302 Min. : 1099 Min. : 50
## 1st Qu.: 4042 1st Qu.: 3500 1st Qu.: 1419
## Median : 6030 Median : 5200 Median : 2115
## Mean : 12205 Mean : 10543 Mean : 3801
## 3rd Qu.: 10510 3rd Qu.: 9106 3rd Qu.: 3431
## Max. :596651 Max. :505401 Max. :162901
## II_voting_papers_issued_to_voters II_voters_voting_by_proxy
## Min. : 630 Min. : 0.0
## 1st Qu.: 1992 1st Qu.: 0.0
## Median : 3080 Median : 2.0
## Mean : 6743 Mean : 3.6
## 3rd Qu.: 5667 3rd Qu.: 4.0
## Max. :378687 Max. :173.0
## II_voters_voting_by_declaration II_voters_sent_postal_voting_package
## Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 18.0 1st Qu.: 0.000
## Median : 32.0 Median : 0.000
## Mean : 100.5 Mean : 5.049
## 3rd Qu.: 68.0 3rd Qu.: 3.000
## Max. :11427.0 Max. :537.000
## II_postal_voting_envelopes_received II_PVE_of_which_no_declaration
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 0.0000
## Median : 0.000 Median : 0.0000
## Mean : 4.589 Mean : 0.1611
## 3rd Qu.: 2.000 3rd Qu.: 0.0000
## Max. :489.000 Max. :46.0000
## II_PVE_of_which_no_signature II_PVE_of_which_no_voting_envelope
## Min. :0.00000 Min. :0.000000
## 1st Qu.:0.00000 1st Qu.:0.000000
## Median :0.00000 Median :0.000000
## Mean :0.01764 Mean :0.008016
## 3rd Qu.:0.00000 3rd Qu.:0.000000
## Max. :8.00000 Max. :2.000000
## II_PVE_of_which_voting_envelope_open II_voting_envelopes_placed_in_ballot_box
## Min. :0.000000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.:0.000000 1st Qu.: 0.000
## Median :0.000000 Median : 0.000
## Mean :0.008818 Mean : 4.386
## 3rd Qu.:0.000000 3rd Qu.: 2.000
## Max. :6.000000 Max. :468.000
## II_voting_papers_taken_from_ballot_box
## Min. : 630
## 1st Qu.: 1994
## Median : 3081
## Mean : 6747
## 3rd Qu.: 5670
## Max. :379097
## II_of_which_voting_papers_taken_from_voting_envelopes II_invalid_voting_papers
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 0.0000
## Median : 0.000 Median : 0.0000
## Mean : 4.385 Mean : 0.3872
## 3rd Qu.: 2.000 3rd Qu.: 0.0000
## Max. :467.000 Max. :66.0000
## II_valid_voting_papers II_invalid_votes II_valid_votes
## Min. : 630 Min. : 4.00 Min. : 616
## 1st Qu.: 1994 1st Qu.: 25.00 1st Qu.: 1967
## Median : 3081 Median : 41.00 Median : 3041
## Mean : 6746 Mean : 99.39 Mean : 6647
## 3rd Qu.: 5670 3rd Qu.: 78.00 3rd Qu.: 5592
## Max. :379059 Max. :5823.00 Max. :373236
## II_Andrzej.Sebastian.Duda II_Bronislaw.Maria.Komorowski geometry
## Min. : 133 Min. : 80.0 MULTIPOLYGON :2495
## 1st Qu.: 1142 1st Qu.: 676.5 epsg:2180 : 0
## Median : 1820 Median : 1174.0 +proj=tmer...: 0
## Mean : 3424 Mean : 3223.4
## 3rd Qu.: 3200 3rd Qu.: 2378.5
## Max. :176990 Max. :201473.0
## I_turnout II_turnout I_Duda_share II_Duda_share
## Min. :0.2634 Min. :0.3363 Min. :0.06433 Min. :0.1540
## 1st Qu.:0.3989 1st Qu.:0.4661 1st Qu.:0.30362 1st Qu.:0.4520
## Median :0.4448 Median :0.5102 Median :0.38993 Median :0.5775
## Mean :0.4455 Mean :0.5112 Mean :0.40091 Mean :0.5809
## 3rd Qu.:0.4891 3rd Qu.:0.5559 3rd Qu.:0.48993 3rd Qu.:0.7091
## Max. :0.6768 Max. :0.7548 Max. :0.78566 Max. :0.9508
## I_Komorowski_share II_Komorowski_share
## Min. :0.03747 Min. :0.04917
## 1st Qu.:0.20285 1st Qu.:0.29087
## Median :0.29594 Median :0.42254
## Mean :0.29540 Mean :0.41915
## 3rd Qu.:0.38709 3rd Qu.:0.54796
## Max. :0.66901 Max. :0.84602
One visualization should compare the support for Komorowski and
Duda
# setting color palette
display.brewer.all()
# first round vote share of komorowski and duda on choropleth
tm_shape(pol_pres15) +
tm_fill("I_Duda_share", palette = "RdYlGn", style = "equal", n = 2, breaks = c(0, 0.49, 1),
labels = c("Komoroski", "Duda")) +
tm_borders(alpha = 0.5, col = "white") +
tm_compass() +
tm_layout(title = "First Round Vote Share of Komorowski and Duda",
legend.text.size = 1, legend.title.size = 0.01,
legend.position = c("left", "bottom"), legend.title.color = "white", frame = FALSE)
# runoff vote share of komorowski and duda on choropleth
tm_shape(pol_pres15) +
tm_fill("II_Duda_share", palette = "RdYlGn", style = "equal", n = 2, alpha = 1, breaks = c(0, 0.49, 1),
labels = c("Komoroski", "Duda")) +
tm_borders(alpha = 0.5, col = "white") +
tm_dots("types", palette = "BrBG") +
tm_compass() +
tm_layout(title = "Runoff Round Vote Share of Komorowski and Duda",
legend.text.size = 1, legend.title.size = 0.01,
legend.position = c("left", "bottom"), legend.title.color = "white", frame = FALSE)
# percentage of vote share by each candidate
tm_shape(pol_pres15) +
tm_fill("II_Duda_share", palette = "RdYlGn", style = "equal", n = 10, breaks = c(0, 0.49, 1),
labels = c("Komoroski (91-100)","Komoroski (90-81)", "Komoroski (80-71)","Komoroski (70-61)","Komoroski (60-51)", "Duda (51-60)","Duda (61-70)","Duda (71-80)","Duda (81-90)","Duda (91-100)")) +
tm_borders(alpha = 0.5, col = "black") +
tm_compass() +
tm_layout(title = "Percentage of Vote Share by Each Candidate",
legend.text.size = 0.55, legend.title.size = 0.01,
legend.position = c("left", "bottom"), legend.title.color = "white", frame = FALSE)
One visualization should investigate possible issues with postal
voting envelopes
# correlation of unused voting papers
plot(II_unused_voting_papers ~ II_of_which_voting_papers_taken_from_voting_envelopes,
data = pol_pres15,
xlab = "Voting papers taken from voting envelopes",
ylab = "Unused Voting Papers",
col = "blue")
plot(II_unused_voting_papers ~ II_voting_papers_taken_from_ballot_box,
data = pol_pres15,
xlab = "Voting papers taken from Ballot Box",
ylab = "Unused Voting Papers",
col = "red")
# correlation of invalid votes
plot(II_invalid_votes ~ II_of_which_voting_papers_taken_from_voting_envelopes, data = pol_pres15,
ylab = "Number of Invalid Votes",
xlab = "Voting papers taken from voting envelopes",
col = "blue")
plot(II_invalid_votes ~ II_voting_papers_taken_from_ballot_box,
data = pol_pres15,
ylab = "Number of Invalid Votes",
xlab = "Voting papers taken from Ballot Box",
col = "red")
